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UP Current Affairs

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MINERALS in Uttar Pradesh include 

• Limestone which is found in 
• Guruma-Kanach-Bapuhari in Mirzapur district and 
• Kajrahat in Sonebhadra district; 
• Dolomite in Mirzapur, Sonebhadra and Banda, 
• Glass-sand in Karchhana of Allahabad district, Karwi in Banda district and Mau district;
• Marble in Mirzapur and Sonebhadra; 
• Bauxite in Rajhgewan in Banda district; 
• Non-plastic fireclay in Bansi and Makri-Khoh area of Mirzapur district; 
• Uranium in Lalitpur district 
• Barytes & Edalusite in Mirzapur and Sonebhadra. 
• Sand-stone, pebbles, reh, salt punter,maurang, sand and other minor minerals are also found in the State.

Cultural :

• Antiquities found in Banda (Bundelkhand), Mirzapur and Meerut link its History to early Stone Age and Harappan era
• Chalk drawings or dark red drawings by primitive men are extensively found in the Vindhyan ranges of Mirzapur districts. 
• Utensils of that age have also been discovered in Atranji-Khera, Kaushambi, Rajghat and Sonkh. 
• Copper articles have been found in Kanpur, Unnao, Mirzapur, Mathura and advent of the Aryans in this State. 

History :

• The story of Ramayan revolves round the Ikshwaku dynasty of Kosal and of Mahabharat a round the 'Kuru' dynasty of Hastinapur.
• Ashram of Valmiki, the author of Ramayan, was in Brahmavart (Bithoor in Kanpur District) and it was in the surroundings of Naimisharany (Nimsar-Misrikh in Sitapur district) that Suta narrated the story of Mahabharat as he had heard it from Vyasji.
• Makkhaliputta Goshal, who was born at Shravan near Shravasti, was the founder of Ajivika sect.
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UTTAR PRADESH GK  :

Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta :

• an anti-corruption ombudsman as Lokayukta was formed on 14th Sep 1977 in Uttar Pradesh under the Lokayukta Act of 1975.
• The Lokayukta is from a non-political background and functions as a statutory authority probing into cases primarily related to corruption, government mismanagement, or abuse of power by public servants or ministers.
• Though the Lokayukta lacks wide investigatory powers, it has caught public attention by investigating high-profile cases.
• According to the Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta and UpLokayukta Act of 1975, the Governor of UP can appoint a person to be the Lokayukta and one or more persons as uplokayukta(s)(Deputy Lokayukta). The Lokayukta's appointment is made after consultations with the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court, and the leader of the opposition in the state assembly.
• According to the Article 311 of the constitution, the lokayukta or an up-lokayukta can be removed only if found guilty in the report of committee headed by the judge of either Supreme court or Chief justice of the High court. The report is then forwarded to the Governor and then presented before the state legislature with each house of the legislature votes for the removal by 2/3 majority.
• Any person appointed as the Lokayukta or Uplokayukta serves the office for a period of 8 years after an amendment increased the tenure length by 2 years.
• The perks and allowances of the Lokayukta are the same as that of the chief justice while that of an Uplokayukta to a judge of the state's High court.
• On January 28, 2016, Supreme Court of India, recalled its previous order and appointed a new Lokayukta Sanjay Mishra(currently serving) after the state government failed to suggest one.
• Justice Vishwambhar Dayal was first Lokayukta appointed in 1977.

A person is eligible for the post of the Lokayukta or Uplokayukta if he/she fulfills the following criteria.

1. A judge of the Supreme Court or the High Court. 
2. Never held an office of MP member of Parliament or severed their connection with it.
3. Never held an office of State Legislature. 
4. Holding no office of trust or profit, or severed their connection with the business or profession if had joined in the past.

http://lokayukta.up.nic.in/text/english%20act/act%20subbuttan%20english.htm


Virendra Singh (Lokayukta) of UP (2015 to current) :

• was appointed lokayukta of Uttar Pradesh on 16 December 2015 by Supreme Court of India.
• He is first Lokayukta of India who is appointed by Supreme Court of India.
• He is successor of Justice N.K. Mehrotra as The Supreme Court exercises its right under Article 142 of the Constitution to make the appointment of Lokayukta.
• BUT LATER ON Following objection to Justice Virendra Singh's appointment, on January 28, 2016, the Supreme Court retracted its decision and appointed former judge Sanjay Mishra to the office Lokayukta(s) of Uttar Pradesh who is currently serving.

Urbanization :  is a process whereby populations move from rural to urban area, enabling cities and towns to grow. It can also be termed as the progressive increase of the number of people living in towns and cities. It is highly influenced by the notion that cities and towns have achieved better economic, political, and social mileages compared to the rural areas.

Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) was launched in 1986primarily with the objective of improving the quality of life of the rural people and also to provide privacy and dignity to women.



Koldam Project :

COAL :  

• India stands 2nd on coal production country after China as per Statistical Review of World Energy ranking BUT USA stands 1st for Coal Reserves.
• Tamil Nadu has largest Lignite Coal Reserves in India.

State	Coal Fields in India
West Bengal	Ranigunj (Oldest coal field in India)
Jharkhand	Jharia (Largest) Bokaro, Dhanbad, Giridih, Karanpura, Ramgarh, Daltonganj, Rajmahal
Madhya Pradesh	Singrauli, Suhagpur, Johila, Umaria, Satpura coalfield
Odisha	Talcher, Himgiri, Rampur
Andhra Pradesh	Kantapalli, Singareni
Chhattisgarh	Korba, Bisrampur, Sonhat, Jhilmil, Hasdo-Arand
Assam	Makum, Najira, Janji, Jaipur
Meghalaya	Umralong, Darrangiri, Cherrapunji, Mawlong, Langrin
Arunachal Pradesh	Naqmchik-Namphuk

SUGAR :

• As on 15th Dec, 2017, 469 sugar mills were crushing sugarcane for the year 2017-18.
• In Maharashtra, 176 sugar mills are in operation and they have produced 25.50 lac tons of sugar.
• In Uttar Pradesh, 116 have produced 23.37 lac tons of sugar.
• Third largest producer of sugar viz. Karnataka, have produced 11.50 lac tons of sugar with 60 sugar mills are in operation.

TEA : Tea is the most popular beverage & is national drink of the countries like China, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Russia and UK.

• China is the only country in the world with a long glorious history of tea.
• Indiais the second biggest producerof tea in the world after China with an annual production hovering around 1,200 million kg.
• China > India > Kenya > Sri Lanka > Turkey
• largest tea exporter : China >Sri Lanka > Kenya > India
• In 2016, Turkeywas the largest tea-consuming country in the world, with a per capita tea consumption of approximately 6.96 pounds per year. In contrast, China had an annual consumption of 1.25 pounds per person.

Sample Registration Systemis the largest demographic survey in the country done by the Registrar General of India. The survey is mandated to provide annualestimates of fertilityas well as mortalityindicators at the state and national level. SRS provides annual estimates of 

        (a) population composition, 

        (b) fertility, 

        (c) mortality, 

        (d) medical attention at the time of birth or death which give some idea about access to medical care. 

• INDIA’s TFR= 2.30 births per woman (2016)

GRASSLANDS : 5 major Grasslands Ecosystem of India are home to wide range of native flora and fauna, the ecoregion is rich in varieties of flowers,plants,birds and wildlife.

1. TARAI Grasslands : located at the outer foothills of the Himalaya, the Shiwalik Hills, the Ganges and Brahmaputra plains.
2. Bugyal Grasslands : High altitude alpine grass lands in Uttarakhand as nature’s own gardens with green grass and seasonal flowers.
3. Khajjiar Grasslands : small plateau in Chamba district Himachal Pradesh and surrounded by green meadows and dense forests.
4. Banni Grasslands : At desert of marshy salt of Rann of Kutch & genetic resources like Banni buffalo, Kankrej Cattle, Sheep, Camel and horse.
5. Shola Grasslands : Tropical montane forest found in rolling hills and valleys in the higher montane regions of South India. 
6. Pahalgam Grasslands : Jammu & Kashmir

[x] Aravalli range are the oldest fold mountains in India. The northern end of the range continues as isolated hills and rocky ridges into Haryana state, ending in Delhi.

[x] Udaipur city of Tripura is closest to Tropic of cancer. Tropic of Cancer is the imaginary line at 23.50 degreeNorth of the Equator. In India Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 States. ( Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram).

Middle Son Valley in Madhya Pradesh : The Palaeolithic of the Middle Son valley, north-central India have Changes in hominin lithic technology and behaviour during the Upper Pleistocene. They had formations such as Sihawal, Patpara, Baghor, Khetaunhi formations

Chronological order of their occurrences :  Sihawal >  Khunteli > Patpara > Baghor(coarse lower , finer upper) > Khetaunhi

i guess : much recent : Bamburi

[x] King Agathocles Dikaios of Bactria depicted the hindu Gods Balarama-Sankarshana & Vasudeva-Krishna on the Coins in 230 BC.

Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana प्रधान मंत्री ग्रामोदय योजना includes . 

• Mid-Day meals program is also called Mid Day Meal Scheme

• Integrated Child Development Plan ICDS was launched in 1975

• Kishori Shakti Yojana

• In this scheme, the National Urban Livelihood Mission is included. Primary education and National Nutrition Cooperation Program has been started from August 15, 1995to improve the nutritional levels among children, increase the attendance, maintenance and attendance in the Midday Meal Program. 

• Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojana falls under the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana. In India, the Golden Jubilee Urban Employment Scheme (SJSRI) is a central sponsored scheme which was implemented on December 1, 1997.

• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana is an vikas initiative launched by MoRD GOI to provide sustainable income to poorest of the poor people living in rural & urban areas of the country, was launched on April 1, 1999

• PDS scheme was first launched in February 1944, during WWII and was launched in the current form in June 1947
• FCI  was established in 1965.
• National oilseeds development project india 1985-86
• Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices is a decentralised agency GOI,was established in1965as Agricultural Prices Commission and was given its present name in 1985.
• National Agriculture Insurance Scheme - 1998-99
• Farm Income Insurance scheme - 2003-04

—> Post Independence, the first major development programme launched in India was Community Development Programme, 1952. Core philosophy was overall development of rural areas and people’s participation.

Balwant Rai Mehta: established 1957

MGNREGA 

• is to be implemented mainly by Gram Panchayats (GPs). 
• The involvement of contractors is banned. 
• Labour-intensive tasks like creating infrastructure for water harvesting, drought relief and flood control are Preferred.

Silviculture : the growing and cultivation of trees.

Pomology is a branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruits.

spermology (uncountable) (rare) The study of seeds.Anthology  : one who study about flowersFloriculture  : one who study about how to cultivate flowering plants

Dendrology : science and study of wooded plants, specifically, their taxonomic classifications

Cytology : Cell biology is a branch of biology

Exobiology : branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.


Ethology : is the scientific study of animal behaviour (U.S. behavior), and a sub-topic of zoology



Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of soils in their natural environment. It is one of two main branches of soil science, the other being edaphology.

Epigraphy ("inscription") is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing.

Metrology : scientific study of measurement.

Odontography : Teeth

Horology : study of the measurement of timeHeliotherapy : the therapeutic use of sunlight.


Phytogeography or botanical geography is branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface.


Genetics : The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms


Numismatics : the study or collection of coins, banknotes, and medals


Pedagogy : the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept


Telepathy : the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses.

Father of psychology : Wilhelm Wundt

Father of medical science : Hippocrates

Father of Botany : Theophrastus

Father of biology & zoology BOTH : Aristotle



UTTAR PRADESH

• Uttar Pradesh is made up of 75 administrative districts, that are grouped into 18 divisions.

Agra Division - Agra, Aligarh, Etah, Firozabad, Mainpuri, Mathura

Aligarh Division- Aligarh, Hathras, Kashiram Nagar.

Allahabad Division - Allahabad, Kaushambi, Fatehpur, Pratapgarh.

Azamgarh Division - Azamgarh, Ballia, Mau.

Bareilly Division - Bareilly, Badaun, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur.

Basti Division - Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar, Siddharthnagar.

Chitrakoot Dham Division - Banda, Chitrakoot, Hamirpur, Mahoba.

Devipatan Division - Gonda, Bahraich, Balrampur, Shravasti .

Faizabad Division - Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Sultanpur, CSJM Nagar.

Gorakhpur Division – Gorakhpur, Devaria, Maharajganj, Kushinagar (Padrauna)

Jhansi Division - Jhansi, Jalaun, Lalitpur.

Kanpur Division - Kanpur Nagar,Ramabai Nagar(Kanpur Dehat),Etawah, Auraiya, Farrukhabad, Kannauj

Lucknow Division - Lucknow, Hardoi, Lakhimpur Kheri, Raebareli, Sitapur, Unnao.

Meerut Division - Meerut, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Bagpat, Bulandshahar, Ghaziabad, Panchsheel Nagar.

Mirzapur Division - Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi), Sonbhadra

Moradabad Division - Moradabad, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Rampur, Bijnor, Bhim Nagar

Saharanpur Division - Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Prabudha Nagar.

Varanasi Division - Varanasi, Chandauli, Jaunpur, Ghazipur.

UTTAR PRADESH :

• India's fourth largest and most populous
• As of January 2018,10 cities have been included by the central government upto the fourth round of the Smart Cities Mission in the states.
• Allahabad, Aligarh, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi, Varanasi, Agra, Bareilly, Moradabad and Saharanpur are the selected cities from the state. (Tamilnadu’s 11 Cities are in Smart City.)

On other hand Ghaziabad, Meerut, Rae Bareli and Rampur have lost.

• Largest producer of food grains among all states in India and accounted for about 17.83 per cent share in the country’s total food grain output in 2016-17.
• There are 35 National Highways with a cumulative length of 5,599 km which pass through Uttar Pradesh. This is highest for any state in India.
• ‘Udyog Bandhu’ has a 3-tier structure, as follows :
• District Level Udyog Bandhu that functions under the Chairmanship of District Magistrate;
• Divisional Level Udyog Bandhu functions under the Chairmanship of the Divisional Commissioner and
• The State Level Udyog Bandhu meetings are held under the Chairmanship of Hon'ble Chief Minister.

Nagar Nigams  : 12

Folk Dances : 

• Charkula is famous in Brajbhumi where Man or Woman have 7 pots on head with a lamp brighten over it.  
• Karma, 
• Pandav, 
• Pai-danda, 
• Tharu, 
• Dhobia, 
• Raai, S'haira etc.

NATURAL  :

Latitude     7° 40' N

Longitude   80° 00' E

Forests constitute about 12.8% of the total geographical area of the state. The districts of Jaunpur, Ghazipur and Ballia have no forest land, while 31 other district have less forest area.

Total number of National Parks only one(1) and Total number of Wildlife Sanctuaries is 25 in Uttar Pradesh. 

• Dudhwa NP in Lakhimpur Khiri
• Chandraprabha WLS in Bhadohi
• Katerniaghat WLS in Beraich. The Katarniaghat Forests (Gairwa river) provide strategic connectivity between tiger habitats of Dudhwa and Kishanpur in India and the Bardia National Park in Nepal.
• Bakhira Bird Sanctuary is the largest natural flood plain wetland of India in Sant Kabir Nagar district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The sanctuary was established in 1980. It is situated 44 km west of Gorakhpur city.

Uttar Pradesh’s Registered GI:

⁃Varanasi Glass Beads,

⁃Lucknow Chikan Craft,

⁃Mango Malihabadi Dusseheri,

⁃Banaras Brocades and Saris

⁃Allahabad Surkha Guava

⁃Hand made Carpet of Bhadohi - Mirzapur Region

⁃Khurja Pottery (Bulandshahar)

⁃Saharanpur WoodCraft

⁃Kalanamak Rice (in Tarai belt of Sidhharthnagar, Sant Kabir , Maharaj Nagar)

⁃Agra Durrie

⁃Farukkhabad Cotton Print

⁃Lucknow Zardozi

⁃Meerut Scissors

⁃Banaras Gulabi Meenakari Craft

⁃Benaras Metal Repouse Craft

⁃Varanasi Wooden Lacquer Ware & Toys

⁃Nizamabad Black Pottery (Azamgarh) (type of clay pottery known for its dark shiny body with engraved silver patterns)

⁃Ajara Ghansal Rice
Firozabad Glass (Logo Mark )

Handicraft

Kannauj Perfume (Logo Mark)

Manufactured

Kanpur Saddlery (Logo Mark)

Manufactured

Moradabad Metal Craft (Logo Mark)

Handicraft

Pending GI: Agra Petha

Bharat Kala Bhavan is a university museum located in Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India , founded by Rai Krishna Das in 1920.

 

Fulhar Lake : Situated in Pilibhit District of UP from where Gomati River originate.

Economy :

⁃number of cement plants in Mirzapur in the Vindhya region,

⁃Bauxite-based aluminium plant in the Banda region and Sonbhadra region.

⁃In the hilly regions of the state, many non-metallic minerals are found which are used as industrial raw materials.

• Coal deposits are found in the Singrauli region. Nevertheless, the state is poor in mineral resources.
• The only deposits of limestone is in Mirzapur district. These are being extracted and are used largely in cement manufacture.

⁃Cottage industries, such as handloom and handicrafts

⁃Varanasi is a world-famous centre of handloom woven, embroidered textiles; the main products areZari-embroidery and brocade-work on silk sarees.

⁃Lucknow is a centre of 'Chikan' embroidery, renowned for its grace and delicacy, a skill more than 200 years old.

⁃Uttar Pradesh produces about 15% of the total fabric production of the country, employs about 30% of the total workforce of artisans in India and is responsible for an annual production of about $0.1 million USD in the state.

⁃Varanasi is well known for manufacturing the diesel-electric locomotives at Diesel Locomotive Works. It is the largest diesel-electric locomotives manufacturer in India.

⁃The state has two major production centres of leather and leather products, with over 11,500 units; Agra and Kanpur are the key centres. About 200 tanneries are located in Kanpur.

⁃Moradabad is renowned for brass work and has carved a niche for itself in the handicraft industry throughout the world. Lately, other products that are produced here like iron sheet metalwares, aluminium artworks, wood works and glasswares have become popular with the numerous foreign buyers, and are therefore being exported in large quantities. 

On an average Moradabad exports goods worth Rs. 30–40 billion each year, which constitutes 40% of total exports from India under this category.

⁃Meerut is one of the biggest gold market in Asia. It is one of the largest exporter of sports related items and music instruments of the country.

⁃Bulandshahr is renowned for Khurja Pottery worldwide. There are nearly 23 export oriented units and they are exported to foreign countries such as the United Kingdom, USA, Australia, New Zealand, United Arab Emirates, and others.

⁃Sikandrabad industrial area, developed by UPSIDC, has a large number of national and multinational companies working here successfully.

⁃Mathura Refinery situated in Mathura is the only oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh, and is the 6th largest oil refinery in India.

Uttar Pradesh is divided into three natural regions.

1. Bhabar and Terai
2. Plain of Ganga and Yamuna
3. Southern Plateau Important minerals include diaspore, sulphur and magnesite, pyrophyllite, silica sand and limestone. It is of great use to the people of Uttar Pradesh as well as it supports the economy of the country.

Dayalbagh or Dayal Bagh : a locality in metropolitan Agra for Radhasoami faith

3 TR in UP :

1. Amangarh Tiger Reserve was originally part of Jim Corbett National Park,  in Bijnaur
2. Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Lakhimpur Khiri
3. Pilibhit Tiger Reserve

✓Asia's first and the world's second human DNA bank has been set up at the Biotech Park in Lucknow district.

Itawa District has Lion SAFARI.

6 Central university in UP :

Allahabad University in 1887   —> 

• The fourth oldest University in India. 
• Sir William Muir in 1876 suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad. 
• It is aka“Oxford of the East”.
• On 24 June 2005 its Central University status was restored through the University Allahabad Act 2005 of Parliament of India. 
• Motto : "Every branch yields a Tree"

BHU Varanasi in 1916 by MMM as largest residential University

AMU Aligarh in 1920 : established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, Later in 1920 named AMU.

Baba saheb Lucknow 1996

Rajiv Gandhi Aviation University RaeBareilly  2013

Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural University Jhansi  2014

✓The Allahabad High Courtor the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad is a high court based in Allahabad that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1869, making it one of the first high courts to be established in India. It replaced the old Sadr Diwani Adalat

Sir Walter Morgan, Barrister-at-Law and Mr. Simpson were appointed thefirst Chief Justice and the first Registrar respectively of the High Court of North-Western Provinces.

'I had been to other countries - in Europe,Asia and the Middle East - but none of them had provided even half as much variety, or so much to see and experience and remember,as this one State in northern India. You can travel from one end of Australia to the other, but everywhere on that vast continent you will find that people dress in the same way, eat the same kind of food, listen to the same music. This colourless uniformity is apparent in many other countries of the world, both East and West But Uttar Pradesh is a world in itself.' - Ruskin Bond.

HISTORICAL Places in UP :


Kanauj : 

• City's name is a modern form of the classical name Kanyakubja
• It was also known as Mahodaya shree during the time of Mihira Bhoja. 
• The ancient city, in earlier times the capital of the Empire of Harsha under Emperor Harsha.
• It is said that Kanyakubja Brahmins of whom Shandilya (of whom Rishi Bharadwaj was one of the disciples) is held to have constituted one of the three prominent families originally from Kanauj.
• Kanauj famous for distilling of scents is known as India’s perfume capital and is famous for its traditional Kannauj Perfume, a government protected entity.
• visited by the Chinese Buddhist travelers Faxian and Xuanzang in the fifth and seventh centuries CE, respectively.

Kaushambi 

• was an important city in ancient India and capital of the Vatsa kingdom, one of the sixteen mahajanapadas (during Maurya empire also). 
• It was located on the Yamuna River about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southwest of its confluence with the Ganges at Prayaga (modern Allahabad).
• Buddha spent his ninth rainy season at Kosambī, 
• Kosambī was evidently a city of great importance at the time of the Buddha for we find Ananda mentioning it as one of the places suitable for the Buddha's Parinibbāna.
• Ashoka gave importance to Kaushambi and placed a pillar of Ashoka in Kaushambi, which has inscriptions there in Pali. 
• A Jaina derasar was also constructed in Kaushambi. Both the pillar and the temple still exist there and the ruins of Vatsa and its university are still being excavated by archaeologists.
• Kaushambi is also the birthplace of sixth Jain Tirthankar Padam Prabhu Ji.
• Prabhasgiri Sthal in Kaushambi famous for Jainism.
• Saint Kavi Maluk Das was living here.

Naimisaranyam :

• Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu located in Sitapur of Uttar Pradesh.
• is one of the Divya Desams, the 108 temples of Vishnu revered in Nalayira Divya Prabandham by the 12 poet saints, or Alwars. 
• The temple is counted as one of the 8 temples of Vishnu that self-manifested and is classified as Swayamvyaktha Kshetra.
• The holy tank Chankra Kunda is associated with the temple and it is a pilgrimage centre where people take a holy dip during festive occasions.

Naimiṣāraṇya or Naimisha Forest :  

• was an ancient forest mentioned in the Mahabharata and the puranas. 
• It lay on the banks of the Gomti River of Uttar Pradesh. 
• It lay between the Panchala Kingdom and the Kosala Kingdom. 
• The whole narration of Mahabharata took place at Naimisha Forest during a conclave of sages headed by the sage Saunaka, who gathered for a sacrifice to the cause of world peace. 
• In this conclave Ugrasrava Sauti narrated the entire Mahabharata, the story of the great kings of Bharata dynasty to Saunaka. 
• The central part of this story was the history of the Kauravas and Pandavas and their battle at Kurukshetra known as the Kurukshetra War.
• Earlier mention of Naimiṣa Forest is found in the Ramayana.
• 88000 ऋषियों की स्थली है सीतापुर के नैमिषारण्य  मे | 

Dewa Sharif :

• in Barabanki , famous for the shrine of Haji Waris Ali Shah. 
• This town is also known by the name of Dewa Sharif in respect for the shrine. It a Nagar Panchayat.
• placed as one among the prominent sites in Heritage Arc of U.P.
• Dewa Sharif is famous for the shrine of Haji Waris Ali a Sufi saint with his followers throughout India and throughout the world, with many being from Europe. The shrine is visited by pilgrims from throughout the world.

Shravasti : 

• The ancient city and one of the six largest cities in India during Gautama Buddha's lifetime.
• Jetavana monastery was a famous monastery close to Shravasti.
• Shravasti was the capital of the Kosala Kingdom during 6th century BCE to 6th century CE.
• located near the West Rapti River and is closely associated with the life of Gautama Buddha, who is believed to have spent 24 Chaturmases here.
• It is said that the Vedic period king, Shravasta, founded this town
• Age-old stupas, majestic viharas and several temples near the village of "Sahet-Mahet" establish Buddha's association with Shravasti. 
•  This prosperous trading centre was well known for its religious associations. 
• Sobhanath temple is believed to be the birthplace of the Tirthankara Sambhavanath in Jainism, making Shravasti an important center for Jains as well. 
• According to Nagarjuna, the city had a population of 900,000 in 5th century BCE and it even overshadowed Magadha's capital, Rajgir.
• As mentioned in the 'Bruhatkalpa' and various Kalpas of the fourteenth century, the name of the city was Mahid. There are subsequent mentions showing that the name of this city was Sahet-Mahet. It is also mentioned that a vast fort covered this city in which there were many temples with idols of Devkulikas.

Maharshi Valmiki Ashram -- Bithoor of Kanpur

Kanak Bhavan -- Ayodhya

kamadigiri -- Chitrakoot

Kalinger Durg -- Banda 

JK Mandir -- Kanpur

Devi Patan mandir -- Tulsipur

Lord Cornvalis -- Gazipur

Begam Samru -- Saradhana

Bharat Mata Mandir --  Varanasi

Vishwanath Mandir by --- King Todarmal 

Alfred Park or Chandrashekhar Park --- Allahabad

Kalpi Nagar -- At Yamuna

Campil (Farukhabad) -- Mughal ghat by Aurangjeb

Nawab of Awadh :

• title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries. 
• The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to a dynasty of Persian origin from Nishapur, Iran.
• In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Oudh State with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
• The first Nawab Wajir of Awadh in 18th Century was Saadat Ali Khan I.
• Last Nawab of Awadh was Birjis Qadir or Ramzan Ali.
• Awadh's 1st  Nawab  - Saadat Ali Khan reigned from 1680 to 1739.
• Awadh's last Nawab -  Wajid Ali Shah reigned from 1822 to 1887.

RO ARO UPPSC

Bhoodan Movement or Land Gift Movement, was a voluntary land reform movement in India, started by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village in Telangana which is now known as Bhoodan Pochampally.

Deepavali Declaration (1929):  would grant India dominion status in due course. It was Issued by Lord Irwin.

Gaganendranath Tagore, along with his brother Abanindranath, is known for founding the Indian Society of Oriental Art in 1907. This ISOA, sponsored by Europeans, much popularized Tagore’s Bengal School, as well as art and crafts of other Asian nations. It held regular exhibitions in India and abroad, and came out with exquisite color reproductions of original paintings by Abanindranath Tagore, Surendranath Ganguly, Nandalal Bose and other old masters of Mughal and Rajput art. This society later brought out a journal called Rupam.

Nelong Valley near the India-China border is a cold desert in uttarakhand. The difficult terrain was closed for civilians after the 1962 Indo-China war, has been opened for tourists. The Nelong valley, 45 km ahead of the China border, falls under the Gangotri National Park in Uttarkashi district and is very remotely placed.

University of Valabhi

⁃An important centre of Buddhist learning and championed the cause of Hinayana Buddhism between 600 CE and 1200 CE.

⁃The capital of the Maitraka empire during the period 480-775 CE.

⁃An important port for international trade located in Saurashtra, present day it is called Vallabhipur located in Bhavnagar, identical with the old state of Vala.

⁃For some time, the university was considered to be arival to Nalanda, in Bihar, in the field ofeducation.

⁃In September 2017, the Indian central government started to consider a proposal to revive the ancient university

Cinnamomum camphora (Kapoor, Camphor)

⁃native toChinasouth of the Yangtze River, Taiwan, southernJapan,Korea, and Vietnam, and introduced to other countries.

⁃In Japan, where the tree is calledkusunoki, five camphor trees are known with a trunk circumference above 20 metres.

divide and rule by —— lord curzon

The Ghadar Partyin 1913 was an organisation founded by Punjabi-Sikhs,principally Sikh inUSA and Canadawith the aim of securing India's independence from British rule.the party was formally dissolved in 1948.

President of ghadar party

Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala hardyal as co-founder. HQ atSan Francisco

Heliodorus pillar at VIDISHA near Besanagar (Capital of Shunga):

Sarkaria Commission'scharter was to examine the relationship and balance of powerbetween state and centralgovernments in the country and suggest changes within the framework of Constitution of India.

0.Venicestands on river TheArno

0.New Yorkis on RiverHudson’sbank.

0.Budapestis located on the bank ofDanuberiver.

0.Parisis situated on the riverRhineandSiene

0.Montrealis situated on the bank of riverOttawa

0.Belgradestands on the riverDanube.

0.Romeis located beside the riverTimber.

0.Baghdadlies onTigris.

0.Basralies onShatt-al-Arab.

0.Bedfordlies onDanube.

0.

0.Berlinlies onSpree.

0.

0.Bonn (Germany) lies onRhine.

0.

0.Brussels(Belgium) lies onSenno.

0.

0.Cairolies onNile.

0.

0.Chittagonglies onKarnaphuli

0.

0.Dhakalies onBoori Ganga.

0.

0.Damascuslies onBarada.

0.

0.Khartoomlies onBlue and white Nile.

0.

0.Lahorelies onRavi.

0.

0.Londonlies onThames.

0.

0.Mosullies onTigris.

0.

0.Romelies onTiber.

0.

0.Tokyolie onSumida.

0.

0.Washingtonlies onVistula.

0.

0.Wazirabadlies onChenab.

0.

0.Dublinis situated at the mouth ofriver Liffey

0.

0.Moscowis situated on the bank ofriver Moscow.

0.

0.What city is at the mouth of theMenamriver-Bangkok

CentralForest ResearchInstitute --- Dehradun (Uttarakhand)

Indian Institute of Petroleum ---Dehradun

HaffkineInstitute Mumbai

Indian Cancer Research Institute Mumbai

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai

Cattle breeding Institute Hissar (Haryana)

National Dairy Research Institute Karnal (Haryana)

National Tuberculosis Institute Bengaluru

Raman Research centre Bengaluru

National Aeronautical Laboratory Bengaluru

Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute

Delhi

National Institute of Communicable Diseases

Delhi

Central Road Research Institute

New Delhi

Indian Meteorological Observatory

Pune and Delhi

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)

New Delhi

All India Malaria Research Institute

New Delhi

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

New Delhi

Central Coconut Research Institute

Kerala

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

Nagpur

Central Fuel Research Institute

Dhanbad

Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology

Hyderabad

National Botanical Research Institutein 1953 by CSIR

Lucknow

Central Drug Research Institute inaugurated in 1951 by Nehru

Lucknow

Industrial Toxicology Research Institutea constituent laboratory of CSIR in 1965

Lucknow

Lucknow

Indian Veterinary Research Instituteunder ICAR control, established in 1889

Mukteshwar (Himachal Pradesh)

Izzatnagar in Bareilly

(UP)

Textile Research Institute

Ahmedabad

National Institution of Occupation Health

Ahmedabad

Central Potato Research Institute

Shimla

Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute

Durgapur

Central Leprosy Training and Research Institute

Chingelpet

King Institute of Preventive Medicine

Guindy (Chennai)

Central Sugarcane Research Institute

Coimbatore

Central Leather Research Institute

Chennai

Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute

Karaikudi

Central Food Technological Research Institute

Mysore (Karnataka)

Central Institute of Virology

Pune (Maharashtra)

Indian Lac Research Institute

Ranchi (Jharkhand)

PGI Medical Education and Research

Chandigarh

Indian Institute of Chemical Biology

Kolkata

Central Jute Technological Research Institute

Kolkata

Archaeological Survey of India

Kolkata

School of Tropical Medicine

Kolkata

All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health

Kolkata

Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute

Kolkata

National Geophysics Research Institute

Hyderabad

National Institute of Nutrition

Hyderabad

National Geophysics Research Institute

Hyderabad

High Altitude Research Laboratory

Gulmarg

Central Mining Research Institute

Dhanbad

Central Building Research Institute

Roorkee

Central Scientific Instruments Organization

Chandigarh

Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute

Bhavnagar

Central Rice Research Institute

Cuttack

National Institute of Oceanography

Panaji

National Sugar Research Institute

Kanpur

National Sugar Research Institute

Kanpur

Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI).Institute in Lucknow under the CSIR

Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG) Makhdoom, Farah,Mathura, ICAR research institute that aims to enhance and located in Mathura

Central Avian Research Institute (CARI). IzatnagarICAR institute involved inpoultryresearch

Centre of Behavioural & Cognitive Sciences (CBCS), Allahabad 

Senate Hall Campus, University of Allahabad, UGC Centre of Excellence & the first to offer courses in cognitive science in India;

National Botanical Research Institute 

Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow — Premier national plant research centre  under the wing of CSIR; 

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) Lucknow

Multi-disciplinary, multi-locational R & D institute dedicated to the cause of medicinal & aromatic plant research,

Harish-Chandra Research Institute Chhatnag Road, Jhusi, Allahabad,

research in mathematics and theoretical physics; research areas: algebra, algebraic geometry, analysis, Lie algebras, number theory, topology, astrophysics, condensed matter theory, particle physics, string theory etc

Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR)

Government institute in Lucknow under ICAR ;  

National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms Kusmaur, Mau

Government institute sponsored by the Department of Agricultural Research and Education inMau Nath Bhanjan; aims to promote and co-ordinate systematic and scientific research in agriculturally important micro organisms (AIMs)

•Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 

•Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan A unique multidisciplinary research organization in South and South-East Asia having research facilities for over 30 different disciplines.

•Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh A premier institute in the field of poultry research, education, extension and training in India.

•Central Inland Fishries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal The oldest premier research institution in the field of inland fisheries research and training in India.

•Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra Its mission is to Improve production, productivity and quality of cotton through the development of ecologies for different agroclimatic regions.

•Central Institute for Research on Goats, Farah, Uttar Pradesh Mathura A pioneer institute dedicated to the development of goats in india.

•Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, MaharashtraAn Instituite engaged in research and development activities in cotton technology in India.

•Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh It aims to develop appropriate equipment and processes for modernization of agriculture utilizing animate and mechanical power sources, develop technology for reducing post harvest losses and add value to agro-produce through processing.

•Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan Its mandate is to conduct mission oriented research for improvement in productivity of horticultural crops and development of horticulture based cropping system under arid environment; and to act as a repository of information related to arid horticulture.

•Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar, Haryana The Institute carries out research on various aspects of buffalo improvement including conservation of germplasm, development of optimum diets and feeding systems, enhancement of reproductive efficiency and health management practices for augmenting milk, meat and draught.

•Central Institute of Brakishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, TamilnaduMandated to conduct research for development of techno-economically viable and sustainable culture system for fin fish and shellfish in brakish water.

•Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Orissa Premier Research Institute on Freshwater Aquaculture in India.

•Central Institute for Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra

•Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, PunjabA nodal institute for lead researches in the area of post harvest engineering and technology appropriate to the agricultural production catchments, agro-processing industries, pilot plants, industrial liaison, technology transfer and national and international cooperation to meet national needs.

•Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochin, Kerala  The Premier Research Institute dedicated to Marine Fisheries Research.

•Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala Mandated to develop appropriate production, protection and processing technologies for coconut, arecanut and cocoa through basic and applied research.

•Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Mandated to undertake basic and strategic research for developing technologies to enhance productivity and utilisation of potato in India.

•Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

•Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fiber, Barrackpore, West Bengal Mandated to the Improvement of jute (C.Capsularis and C.olitorius) and allied fibre crops like mesta (H.Cannabinus and H.Sabdariffa), sunnhemp, (Crotalaria Juncea), ramie (Boehmeria nivea) sisal (Agave sisalana) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) for yield and quality.

•Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Orissa Its main objective is to carry out research on basic and applied aspects in all disciplines of rice culture in order to devise ways and means of optimising hectare yields of rice.

•Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana Its mission is to generate new knowledge and understanding of the processes of reclamation and develop technologies for improving and sustaining the productivity of salty lands and waters.

•Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, KeralaMandated to undertake basic, strategic and applied research for generating technologies to enhance productivity and utilization potential of tuber crops (other than potato).

•Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) is the country's premier national Institute for agricultural research, education and extension. It has served the cause of science and society with distinction through first rate research, generation of appropriate technologies and development of human resources.

•Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute New Delhi The Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute aims to promote and conduct research and education / training in Agricultural Statistics and Computer Applications and to advise, liaise with other Institutes who have a stake in strengthening of agricultural statistics system.

•ICAR Research Complex For Goa, Ela Old, Goa  Mandated to conduct strategic and applied research on potential Agricultural and Horticultural crops, Livestock and Fisheries for improving productivity and post harvest management

•Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Gwalior, Jhansi The Institute is mandated to organized research work on grassland and forages and during last four decades have achieved several commendable breakthroughs.

•Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka Mandated to undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies to enhance Productivity and utilisation of tropical and subtropical horticultural crops viz., fruits, vegetables, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic and mushrooms.

•Indian Instritute of Soil Science , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh In view of the fast changing scenario of Indian agriculture, and the growing importance of enhancing and sustaining productivity of soil resource, the ICAR established the Indian Institute of Soil Science in 1988 at Bhopal to conduct basic and strategic research on this aspect.

•Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, Kerala The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Calicut a constituent body of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is a major Institute devoted to research on spices.

•Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh It was established in 1952 for conducting research on fundamental and applied aspects of sugarcane culture as well as to co-ordinate the research work done on this crop in different States of the country.

•Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh The project has been envisaged as a national network of multidisciplinary research on the improvement of the major vegetable crops.

•Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi The only research Institute of its kind in the world, being devoted exclusively to  all  aspects of  lac  research  including   its  cultivation,  processing, value addition  and utilisation.

•National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

•National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka

•National Institute for Research on Jute & Allied Fibres Technology, West Bengal (formerly JTRL)

•Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu A pioneering breeding institute in the world, works to evolve superior varieties of sugarcane to cater to the needs of the various agro climatic zones in the country.

•Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttaranchal It is a premier institute of ICAR engaged in hill agricultural research for North-Western Himalayan region of India.

Bureaus

•National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana It is responsible for identification, evaluation, characterisation, conservation and utilisation of livestock and poultry genetic resources in India.

•National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar PradeshMandated to collection, classification and evaluation of information on fish genetic resources of the country.

•National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi It is the nodal organization in India for exchange, quarantine, collection, conservation, evaluation and the systematic documentation of plant genetic resources.

•National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra It was setup in 1976 with a mandate to provide a research input in the soil survey activities of the country and also carryout soil resource mapping programs at national, state and district level for land use planning.

•National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Distt. Mau, Uttar Pradesh The NBAIM has been established under the auspices of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the basic aim to promote and co-ordinate systematic scientific studies in agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) in order to improve the agricultural productivity.

National Research Centres

•National Centre for Agril Economics & Policy Research, New Delhi Conducts Policy oriented research and strengthens agricultural economics research and teaching capability in state agricultural universities and ICAR institutes.

•National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh Mandated to undertake basic and applied research for developing and delivering technologies based on sustainable agroforestry prctices on farms, marginal and wastelands for different agroclimatic zones in India.

•National Research Centre for Cachew, Puttur, Karnataka Mandated to increase production and productivity of cashew by evolvolving high yielding varieties of cashew.

•National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan Mandated to undertake basic and applied research for improvement of camels.

•National Research Centre for Coldwater Fisheries, Bhimtal, Uttaranchal It is emerging as the nodal facility in the country where research investigations are under taken both on capture and culture aspects with a focus on exotic and Coldwater species.

•National Research Centre on Equines, Hissar, Haryana A premier institute established under the aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research for conducting research on equine health and production.

•National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra A premier Research Centre established to undertake mission oriented programme involving basic and strategic research for resolving the major biotic and abiotic constraints affecting the production and productivity of grapes.

•National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New DelhiThrough the partnerships, NCIPM plans and conducts eco-friendly IPM research and development programmes which are essentially required for sustainable agriculture and environmental security.

•National Research Centre for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Boriavi, GujaratIts mandate is to develop appropriate production, protection and processing technologies for important medicinal and aromatic plants through basic, strategic and applied research.

•National Research Centre for Mushroom, Solan, Himachal Pradesh

•National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic is a research centre of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE).

•National Research Centre for Orchid, Pakyong, Sikkim For resolving major constraints in production of orchids and other bulbous ornamentals in major growing belt, the centre has mission mode approach.

•National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer Established during IXth five year plan to initiate research work on seed spices especially aimed at improving the productivity and quality with reference to export value and domestic demand.

•National Research Centre for Sorghum, Hyderabad established on 16 November, 1987 is the nodal agency in the country dealing with all aspects of sorghum research, development including coordination and consultancy. NRCS works closely with many other sister institutions of ICAR, State Agricultural Universities and national and international agencies and institutions both in public and private sector.

•National Research Centre for Soybean, Madhya Pradesh Established during the year 1987 for the needed centralised research to support soybean production systems research with basic technology and breeding material.

•National Research Centre for Weed Science, Madhya Pradesh Mandated to undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies for efficient weed management in different agro-ecological zones

•National Research Centre for Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh Mandated to conduct research on improvement of yak and its products through selection and breeding with exotic frozen semen and crossbreeding programme with BOS species.

Project Directorates

•Project Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore

•Project Directorate on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh  Established by Indian Council of Agricultural Research for genetic improvement of the cattle and to enhance the milk yield of the country

•Project Directorate of Cropping System Research, Modipuram, Meerut Uttar Pradesh  Mandated to strengthen all aspects of research in cropping/ farming systems.

•Project Directorate of Oilseed Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad The Directorate of Oilseed research is engaged in basic and strategic research in three oilseed crops viz. castor, sunflower and safflower.

•Project Directorate of Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Primarily, the Directorate aims at developing superior germplasm of chicken with high potential for egg and meat production, through an organised network of centres under an All India Coordinated Research projects (AICRP’s) located in different State Agricultural Universities and at an ICAR institute.

•Project Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad Directorate of Rice Research (DRR), formerly All India coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP), was established in 1965 to organize and coordinate multi-location testing of genetic lines and technologies for crop production and protection generated across the country.

•Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar, Orissa It is a poineer research institute in the area of sustainable water management under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The goal of WTCER is to develop and transfer improved water management technologies for sustainable agricultural production in the eastern region.

Other Agricultural Centres

•Krishi Vigyan Kendra - Babhaleshwar, Maharashtra An Agricultural Extension project funded by ICAR for dissemination of technology, refinement and assessment of the available packages to suit the local environment.

•All India Coordinated Project of Micro and Secondary Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils & Plants Its mission is Soil fertility management through balanced use of micro- and secondary- nutrients for enhancing and sustaining high crop productivity of soil resource with minimal environmental pollution

karnal bunt— a fungaldisease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale.

imp 16 factors for plant’s growth

natrajan — diseases in plants

stratelite —

monozite

grojani — petroleum

kobe and osaka ports — kinki industrial

Mn biggest producer — China

Andhi ghati -canada -Urenium

diamond producer —

Sun city ?

Kulgardi — Aus —

LAke — CITY of world

River — CITY of World

Crops — Countries’s basin

minerals — countries

type of COAL

natural rubber - bigst — thailand ?

सरस्वती पत्रिका - महावीर प्रसाद

हिंदी नवजीवन - गांधी

चिंतमनी - रामचंद्र शुक्ला

थीथ हिंदी का येह - अयोध्या प्रसाद

पहला हिंदी अपनीस - परिक्षा गुरु

अभ्यक्ति शकुंतलाम हिंदी - शिव प्रसाद

बिहारी थे - जयसिंह के दरबारी कवी

ध्रुव स्वामी - जय शंकर प्रसाद

भारत भारती - मथलिशन गुप्त

अग्नि--अनल,पावक,देव,धूमकेतु,धनजंय,जातवेद,हुताशन,वैश्नवार,ज्वला,वायुसखा,कृशानु,रोहिताश्व,दहन,वहीँ,शाखी,

आकाश--अनंत,शुन्य,अभ्रा,पुष्कर,तारपाठ,फलक,डिव,खगोल,नाक,तारापथ,धौ,

नदी--स्रोतस्विनी,आपगा,साडी,लरमाला,तारिणी,सरिता,तटिनी,निम्नगा,शैलजा,बेडातरंगमाला,

गंगा--त्रिपथगा,वुष्णुपदी,

सागर--जलधि,वृद्धि,रत्नकार,पारावार,नदीश,जलधाम

सूर्य---सविता*, सहस्त्रांशु*हरी,दिनकर,दिवाकर,भानु,भास्कर,दिनेश,मार्तण्ड*,पतंग*,हरी, Aरक*,अंशुमाली*,पूषा*,

यमुना--कालिंदी, aरकजा,कालगंगा,कृष्णा,सूर्याजा,तरनि,सूर्यtanya,रविताना,भाणुजा,ारकसुता,यमनी

मेघ--धारधार, ghaनधन,जलचर,जलचर,वारिद,जीमूत,पयोधि,घटा,पयोध,पयोधर,अभ्रा,अम्बुद,बलाहक

कमल--नीरज,तामरस*,सारंग,षटपत्र,कोकनद*,राजीव*,अरविन्द*,शतदल,पदम्,अब्ज,पुण्डरीक,सरसीरुह,सरोरुह,परिज,पंकज,पारिजात,सरसिज,  कुवलय,कंज,कुशेशय,पाथोज,सारंग,अम्भोज,

कामदेव---मदन,मनोभाव,पंचशर,मार,समर,मनसिज,मन्मथ,प्रद्युम्न,कंदर्प,

चन्द्रमा--निशानाथ,िन्दु,शशि,सुधाकर,तारकेश्वर,सारंग*,कशपकर,कलानाथ,राकेश,राकापति,रजनीपति,सुधांशु,महताब,कलाधर,कालaधर,एकपति,हिमकर,सोम,विधु,अमृतनिधान,